The Bible Is Not A Children s Book Essay - 1983 Words

The Bible is not a children’s book. Not only is it beyond the length and reading level appropriate for younger audiences, it often covers what some parents might consider inappropriate topics. Imagine finding an illustrated children’s bible containing graphic stories about talking to â€Å"ghosts† ‘or children being burned alive as sacrifices to God. These are troubling stories that actually appear within the Hebrew Bible, which even some adults may feel uncomfortable discussing. Academic scholarship of the Bible, however, should not be influenced by such discomfort. This has led a handful of scholars to study these death-related experiences within ancient Israelite contexts. The last thirty years have revealed at least two contemporary topics of conversations between scholars within this subfield: necromancy and child sacrifice among ancient Israelite religion. Typically, dialogue about ancient Israelites is framed among the broader beliefs and practices o f peoples from the surrounding geographical region including the Canaanites, Egyptians, and other ancient peoples; these topics are no exception. While, there is also no consensus among modern scholars, the majority of academics appear to accept both child sacrifice and necromancy as a historical practice belonging to the worship of Yahweh. Nonetheless, these scholars continue to do so with varying degrees of beliefs about the particular conditions during which these controversial customs were performed.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Bible : Course Facilitator Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pages Ms. Weis - Course Facilitator RE102 Old Testament Literature Israelite s Words change over time, making it difficult to understand because the original meanings don t change, but people s understanding can be changed as cultures change. There is only one correct way to interpret the Bible, however, there are many incorrect ways and much arguing over who is more correct. Most of this has to do with Satanists who go incognito asRead MoreGood News Bible : The Testament And The New Testament1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe term â€Å"Bible† is an interesting one as it potentially encompasses many different entities. There are thousands of versions of the Bible, many arranged and presented in a variety of ways. They vary physically in content, and as I recently discovered aren t necessarily Christian. Below I delve into a rather interesting version of the book published in 1976 by HarperCollins (in conjunction with the American Bible Society). Good News Bible is a compilation of the Old Testament and the New TestamentRead MoreThe Poisonwood Bible, By Ba rbara Kingsolver, And Jane Eyre1320 Words   |  6 PagesPoisonwood Bible,† by Barbara Kingsolver, and â€Å"Jane Eyre,† by Charlotte Bronte, the authors express that when children are brought up by a selfish guardian it will negatively affect them. â€Å"The Poisonwood Bible† is about a christian family of six who go down to the Belgian Congo on a mission trip to â€Å"save† the Congolese. But instead of â€Å"saving† them,â€Å"[they] aimed for no more than to have dominion over every creature that moved upon the earth†(Kingsolver 10). On the other hand the book â€Å"Jane Eyre,†Read MoreThe Bible : The Middle East1240 Words   |  5 Pagesglance Good News Bible looks like an inverted version of the Bible that most Christians are quite used to. Good News Bible has an off-gold cover and its title is printed in black ink. The cover is adorned with narrow vertical stripes that add a certain aesthetic to its otherwise modest appearance . These stripes stop directly above the word â€Å"Bible† and they seem to move aside for an important phrase placed strategically below the book s title. This three letter phrase; â€Å"Today s English Version†Read MoreSymbolism Between C.S. Lewis ´ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe and The New Testament in the Bible1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe symbolism between C.S. Lewis’ The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, the fourth book in The Chronicles of Narnia, and the New Testament in the Bible, particularly the account of Jesus’ death is not merely coincidental because The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe is, in fact, an allegory. An allegory is a story with morals in which characters, plots and settings are used as symbols. The Lion, The Witch and The Wardrobe, by C.S. Lewis is rich with Christian symbolism even though the allegoricalRead MoreThe Adventures Of Tom Sawyer By Mark Twain1258 Words   |  6 Pagesincorrect (sinful) behavior is, and how children are punished for the latter. Children are expected to the rules and they are expected to be on their best behavior. These correct behaviors include the children having to go to school, and both children and adults go to church. Children also go to Sunday school where they learn about God and recite bible verses. Additional behaviors include children praying at home and memorizing the Bible in verses. This is seen when Tom s brother, Sid, tells Aunt Polly thatRead MoreClassroom Management For Elementary Teachers881 Words   |  4 Pages1. Evertson, Carolyn M, Edmund T. Emmer, Barbara S. Clements, and Murray E. Worsham. Classroom Management For Elementary Teachers. Needham Heights, MA: A Viacom Company, 1997. This book gives ideas for elementary teachers how to manage their classrooms, such as classroom organization, classroom climates, and teaching strategies. It makes each step clear so that new elementary teachers are easy to get through. It also lists solutions for elementary teachers with problem behaviors. 2. GoogleRead MoreMinistry Needs For Pastors And Evangelists870 Words   |  4 Pagesspread of AIDs can be reduced. Support Orphanage for AIDS infected children â€Å"Religion that God our Father accepts as pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress †¦.† James 1:27 Every Child deserves love, hope and a bright future. A $35 per month contribution helps provide: †¢ nutritious food †¢ lodging †¢ medical care, including instruction on basic health and hygiene †¢ school uniforms and shoes †¢ school books and supplies †¢ And the opportunity to experience the life-changingRead MoreQuestions On Sickness And Chilion ( Destruction 942 Words   |  4 Pages09/22/16 Paper I – Part 2 1. Other than Mahlon (‘sickness’) and Chilion (‘destruction’), there are other names in the Book of Ruth which have their own meanings in Hebrew. Elimelech, the name of the father and Naomi’s husband, means ‘God is King’. Naomi means ‘pleasant’, and the name she wants everyone to call her after she heads back to Jerusalem without her husband and children (Mara) means ‘bitter’. And Obed, the child of Boaz and Ruth, means ‘worshipper’. However, it is still unknown what theRead MoreKnowing God s Will And His Purpose And Plans For Our Lives850 Words   |  4 Pages The book knowing God’s Will is a reflection of our Christian journey for allowing God to use us. As God begins to direct our path daily it will show in our character in our morals, in how we relate to other, in our pray life, a real desire to love all people, our personality will be a representation of the Lord, the way walk is d ifferent, the way and talk differently.As I read the book Knowing God’s will, I have gained a better understanding of how God wants me not to be. The book spoke about

Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1013 Words

1. Jean Louise Finch is a young tomboy who lives with her father and brother in Maycomb County, Alabama. 2. To Kill a Mockingbird sets in Maycomb County, Alabama, and takes place during the Great Depression Era. 3. After Bob Ewell accuses Tom Robinson of raping his daughter, Mayella, Atticus is chosen to represent and defend Tom at his trial. 4. The theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is that we should not judge people by their appearance, nor pick on people who don’t cause any harm, because it would be a sin to do so. 5. Aunt Alexandra lives at Finch’s Landings with her husband but moved to Maycomb to live with Atticus and his children. 6. â€Å"Scout, go eat your supper and go to bed before I tell Atticus what you did.† 7. â€Å"Jem, how was your first day at school?† 8. â€Å"Tom, run home before he catches you!† 9. Even though she didn’t want to, Scout accepted the role as a ham in the school pageant. 10. At Mrs. Dubose’s funeral, I saw everyone from the neighborhood except for Boo Radley. 11. Everyone knew that the color of Tom Robinson’s skin would affect the decision of the jury. 12. After Tom Robinson’s trial, I could tell that it had an effect on the whole family because no one ate much of their dinner and no one slept much that night. 13. After hearing screaming coming from the Radley family, I advised everyone to be careful when walking past their yard tomorrow. 14. Hey, help me come up with some advice to give to Dill for coping with his stepfather. 15. â€Å"Atticus, is he okay andShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee939 Words   |  4 PagesSharon Yin Mrs. Reynolds English 9H 8 March 2015 Themes Foreshadowed in the First Chapter The first pages of a novel often introduce the major topics of the work, which is exactly what author Harper Lee did. The first chapter of To Kill a Mockingbird creates a basis and foreshadows the major themes that play out during the rest of the novel; themes such as prejudice, childhood and growing up, small town southern life, and bravery. One of the most crucial motifs in this novel is prejudice. TheRead MoreThe Mockingbird Theme in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee1047 Words   |  5 Pages This novel by Harper Lee has a seemingly curious title to a reader who looks at it in a literal way. Someone may argue that there are no mockingbirds in To Kill a Mockingbird but I beg to differ. An actual mockingbird may not play a large role in this story however the idea and connotation of a mockingbird becomes evident throughout the story in many characters. This is a major theme in the story and is shown through the characters Boo Radley, Mr. Raymond, and Tom Robinson all connected in the factRead MoreTheme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee2681 Words   |  11 PagesHonors III 01 June 2015 Independent Novel Project To Kill A Mocking Bird Knowledge Section Significance of Title The title of the book is â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† which is a bird that Atticus told Jem not to shoot at, and Ms. Maudie has described as the one type of bird that shouldn’t be killed because it sings beautifully (119). Also Atticus told Jem that it’s a sin to shoot a mockingbird, and so the title â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† means to kill innocence (119). There are several characters in theRead MoreAnalysis Of Theme Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1765 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis Of Themes In To Kill A Mockingbird The novel To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, published in 1960, comes out during a flourishing time of tremendous segregation and injustices in the United States. In fact, during this time in America, Civil Rights Movement are at their peak; also, some residents are pushing for equality for all, during this time period. One of those United States citizens who is exposing the South for what it truly is, is Harper Lee. Harper Lee, born on April 28, 1926Read MoreMajor Themes in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee takes place in Maycomb, Alabama in 1903. This novel is basically a coming of age story for a young girl named Scout and her older brother named Jem. Who grows up in a time where racism is normal. They soon learn to stand up for what is right, just like their dad, Atticus. The Coexistence of Good and Evil The most important theme of To Kill a Mockingbird is the Coexistence of good and evil. The novel approaches this theme in many ways throughoutRead MoreMaturation Theme In To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1609 Words   |  7 PagesMaturation Theme To Kill A Mockingbird â€Å"Maturity is not measured by age. It’s an attitude built by experience.† This quotation says of how you don’t mature by aging and growing older but maturing by understanding situations and events you are found in and how you deal with those challenges or problems. The definition of maturity is to â€Å"have attained a final or desired state.† This means that although some don’t mature ever in life it is of something every human being must do to properly work inRead MoreThemes in To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesTo kill a mockingbird written by Harper Lee. Themes are the subject of a talk, a piece of writing or a persons thoughts. There are many themes present in this great American classic such as courage, racism, prejudice, morality and of course coming of age. Lee communicates these themes with characters, events that unfold and the scenarios that Jem and Scout have to face. One of many themes that is evidently present throughout the book is prejudice. The main action is of Atticus defending the innocentRead MoreThemes Found in Harper Lee ´s To Kill a Mockingbird843 Words   |  3 Pages 20160752 To Kill A Mockingbird James P. Krehbiel once said â€Å"Inevitably, if we are to grow and change as adults, we must gradually learn to confront the challenges, paradoxes, problems and painful reality of an insecure world.† In Harper Lee’s book, To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper lee sends many messages to the reader. Set in a fictitious town in Alabama in the 1930’s, one obvious theme is racism. However, while racism was the most obvious theme, it wasn’t the only one; other themes included innocenceRead MoreHow Does Harper Lee Present the Theme of Courage in to Kill a Mockingbird1048 Words   |  5 PagesHow Does Harper Lee Present The Theme Of Courage In To Kill A Mockingbird Harper lee presents the theme of courage through several of the characters within TKAM, such as Scout, Atticus, Calpurnia, and Mrs Dubose. Within the book courage is shown in different ways such as Scout’s innocence and naivety or Atticus’ reluctance to carry out an action but still having to carry it out. One character to show courage is Atticus who shows courage twice as he shoots Tim Johnson and stands up to the lynchRead MoreESSAY: The theme of human dignity in the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee.1501 Words   |  7 Pageseye. Thus, ones dignity would be decided based on societys opinion of them. In the novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the theme of human dignity is portrayed by Scout, Calpurnia, and Atticus. This essay will analyze the theme of human dignity and describe how this novel proves that all people, regardless of race, social status, and family history are people of worth. Scout depicts the theme of human dignity by following Atticus words of wisdom and putting them to use in her everyday

Gauthier Essay Research Paper As promised here free essay sample

Gauthier Essay, Research Paper As promised, here are the derived characters with which Gauthier ( in his 1986 paper ) unites Archaeopteryx with modern birds, outside of all other bird-footed dinosaurs ( with Gauthier # 8217 ; s original clarifiers in parens ) [ and with my column remarks in brackets ] : Premaxillae elongate, narrow, and more pointed anteriorly, with longer nasal processes [ similar status in bullatosaurs, and in the nondinosaurian Megalancosaurus, but alone to Archie and subsequently birds in Maniraptora ] . Maxillary procedure of premaxilla reduced so that upper jaw participates loosely in external naris ( besides in troodontids ) . Enlarged brain/basicranium ( temporal muscular structure fails to widen beginning onto frontal castanetss [ to a certain grade in bullatosaurs and therizinosauroids, and possibly in some of the newer, brainier dromaeosaurids ] . Double-condyled quadrate displaced from distal place on opisthotic to more anteromedial place in contact with prootic ( Currie, pers. comm. and Walker, pers. comm. , disagree with Whetstone # 8217 ; s reading of the quadrate: Currie notes the anterior supplanting of the quadrate in troodontids [ possibly Nino can notice on the status in Pelecanimimus ] , and Walker does non see the quadrate to be double-condyled in Archaeopteryx ) . Maxillary and dentary dentitions reduced in size and figure ( or lost ) , with unserrated Crowns and enlarged roots that wholly enclose replacing dentitions within them [ many of the smallest bird-footed dinosaur dentitions are unserrated, which may be a developmental restraint. The adenoidal roots of bird dentitions are similar to those of troodontids, basal ornithomimosaurs, and ( in at least a twosome of instances ) dromaeosaurids ] . Robust furcula for enlarged flight muscular structure [ true to a certain extent, although oviraptorids and ( possibly ) some dromaeosaurids have significant furculae every bit good, and even the new Morrison? allosaurid seems to hold a crude furcula! ] . Scapula with more or less outstanding acromial process procedure for ligamentous connexion to collarbone. Lenght/bredth ratio of shoulder blade at midlength exceeds nine ( non in penguins ) and scapula tapers distally. Acrocoracoid tubercle larger than in other coelurosaurs. Coracoid enlaged and inflected posteromedially more so than in other coelurosaurs. Very long forelimb and custodies ( e.g. , in Archaeopteryx forelimb is 120-140 % of hind limb length, and more than twice every bit long as distance between glenoid and cotyloid cavity ) , with forearm more than 87 % of humerus length and mcII approaching or transcending one-half of humerus length. Ischium compressed and dorsoventrally deep. Compared to other bird-footed dinosaurs, shinbone, calf bone, and metatarsals comparatively more linear with regard to femur, irrespective of organic structure size ( mts abruptly in penguins and some other birds ) [ Actually, as S. Gatsey and I have shown elsewhere, what really is go oning is a difference in the allometry of bird V nonavian bird-footed dinosaur hind limb. In nonavian bird-footed dinosaurs, the tibia/fibula and the metatarsus become comparatively smaller as organic structure size ( and femur size ) increases ; in birds, the tibia/fibula and the metarsus become comparatively longer as organic structure size ( and femur size ) increases. Unfortunately, Archaeopteryx lies really near to the points at which the bird and nonbird allometric lines cross, so it is non possible to state at nowadays to which of these curves the Urvogel belongs ] . Fibula attenuate distally, and may non widen to stop of shinbone. Proximal tarsals fused to tibia/fibula and to one another in grownups [ besides in some ceratosaurs ] . Distal tarsals and metatarsals fused at least distally in to the full big persons ( convergent in some ceratosaurs, elmisaurids, and Hulsanpes ) [ future work may demo why this is no surprise for Hulsanpes ; besides found in Avimimus ] . First pedal figure elongate and reversed ( may be reversed in some extant birds ) [ the first reversed he uses is reverted ; the second is reversed in the evolutinary sense ] . Metatarsal I attached on the distal one-fourth of metatarsal II. Tail reduced to no more than 23 free caudal vertebrae. Feathers cover limbs and tail, plumes on sidelong border of tail and posterior border of weaponries enlarged, curved, and unsymmetrically vaned, bespeaking aerodynamic map [ While it is true these characteristics are presently merely known in Archaeopteryx and subsequently birds, there is merely negative grounds with respects to this character in other bird-footed dinosaurs, as discussed in the paragraph instantly following his character list ] . Therefore, there are derived characteristics associating Archaeopteryx to modern birds. In order to distort this hypothesis, extra analyses must be conducted which: a ) add new characters, or show that the above are non coded decently ; and B ) add new taxa, or show that the taxa antecedently used were non coded decently. Abundant new finds of Mesozoic birds and new bird-like bird-footed dinosaurs will assist on both these counts. With several squads working on merely this job ( gratefully non me: nonavian bird-footed dinosaurs are a job plenty! ) , we should acquire some interesting consequences. Dinosaurian Synapomorphies Found In Archaeopteryx # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; From: Dinogeorge @ aol.com Here are 20 to acquire you started ( characters shared with/retained from dromaeosaurids and other related bird-footed dinosaurs and dinosaurs ) : 1.Tridactyl hand with manual figures IV, V lost 2.Manual figure I robust 3.Manual digit II longest in manus 4.Manual figure III slender, with phalanges 3, 4 both short 5.Semilunate carpal 6.V-shaped furcula present 7.Straplike shoulder blade 8.Functionally tridactyl foots with retroverted big toe 9.Advanced mesotarsal ankle 10.Splintlike metatarsal V 11.Ascending procedure on astragalus 12.Slender calf bone 13.Femur with orthogonally inturned caput 14.Perforate cotyloid cavity 15.Pelvis reasonably opisthopubic 16.Pubis long, rodlike with distal enlargement 17.Bladelike Troy 18.Sacrum with at least 5 vertebrae ( A. has six ) 19.Long tail, distally stiffened 20.Jaws with dentitions There are tonss more # 8211 ; I # 8217 ; ve barely touched the skull in this list. But you get the thought, yes? Dromaeosaurid Archaeopteryx Gregory S. Paul # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; Geting ready for the Soc Avian Paleo A ; Evol conference on Mesozoic birds in June in DC has caused me to restudy Archaeopteryx and protoavian ( sensu Paul 1988 PDW ) bird-footed dinosaurs. With all the specimens old and new now available, virtually the full skull and skeleton is now known for Archaeopteryx. Decisions are as follows. Archaeopteryx truly is a winging bird-footed dinosaur that shows virtually no avian characters non observed in other bird-footed dinosaurs ( the big, distal, to the full reversed big toe may be the lone exclusion ) . Contrary to studies otherwise, there is no grounds for avian skull dynamicss, and the postorbital saloon was likely complete. The roof of the mouth and cranium are wholly theropodian in construction. Archaeopteryx is non merely a bird-footed dinosaur, it is a dromaeosaur because it portions a figure of elaborate characters merely with dromaeosaurs. Some other characters are found merely in the two signifiers and some basal birds. Some of the Archaeopteryx-dromaeosaur characters are as follows. oNasal depressed rhinal and neb overturned oDorsal procedure of upper jaw about reaches preorbital saloon oPreorbital saloon slender A ; consecutive preorbital in sidelong position oDorsal depression on the ectopterygoid oDiamond shaped supraoccipital oStrongly distorted paraoccipital procedure ( noted by Currie ) oHighly modified tail with hyperdorso-flexible base ( status approached in troodonts ) oMiddle finger most robust oIlium parallelogram shaped ( besides basal birds ) oPubic peduncle really big A ; reversed oIlio-pubic articulation inverted V form oPubic shafts are level home bases oriented 140 grades to each other In add-on, the pes of Archaeopteryx is functionally two toed, with a short toe II that is hyperextendable. Many Cretaceous bird-footed dinosaurs # 8211 ; dromaeosaurs, troodonts, oviraptors # 8211 ; are more bird-like than Archaeopteryx in many respects, and have a shoulder girdle that is similar to secondarily flightless birds. All this suggests that avian flight foremost evolved in arborical bird-footed dinosaurs ( where they developed large encephalons and frontward confronting eyes, characteristics non found in winging insects and flying reptiles ) , and that some of the winging bird-footed dinosaurs lost flight. Not cognizable at this clip is whether Archaeopteryx was a member of the true bird clade, or was an independent experiment in flight, or where bird-footed dinosaurs end and birds begin, among other affairs. # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; Copyright? 1996 several writers. This papers was a public station to the Dinosaur Mailing List. Feathered non-avian bird-footed dinosaurs found Jeff Punting # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; Scientists reported in the June 25, 1998, edition of the journal Nature the find of two new dodos from Liaoning, China. The early Cretaceous Liaoning site is already known for its spectacularly preserved dodos of soft tissue including plumes on specimens of Confuciusornis and possible protofeathers on Sinosauropteryx. The two new animate beings, named Protarchaeopteryx robusta ( robust foremost ancient-wing ) and Caudipteryx zoui ( Zou Jiahua # 8217 ; s chase plume ) , besides have plumes preserved but add to the list of unbelievable Liaoning finds for a different ground: they are, harmonizing to the writers, the first dinosaurs preserved with unambiguous plumes that are non in the clade Aves, the clade normally referred to as # 8220 ; birds. # 8221 ; The animate beings were covered with plumes, including down, like those of Archaeopteryx and modern birds, with cardinal rachis, radiating vanes and barbules. Unlike those of Archaeopteryx and all winging birds, the primary plumes of Protarchaeopteryx and Caudipteryx were symmetrical, bespeaking they were incapable of sustained powered flight. The plumes covered their organic structures and formed # 8220 ; wings # 8221 ; on their forelimbs and big fans on their dress suits. Protarchaeopteryx and Caudipteryx were about turkey-sized with long legs suited for Swift running. Neither animate being had the to the full reversed foremost toe held near to the land that Archaeopteryx and modern birds have, an version for roosting. Alternatively, the toe was farther up the pes in a place typical of non-avian bird-footed dinosaur dinosaurs. Both animate beings had U-shaped furculas typical of those known from both avian and non-avian bird-footed dinosaurs. Both dodos were found with gastroliths, or # 8220 ; tummy rocks, # 8221 ; like those found in modern birds and some predentatan dinosaurs, but neer earlier found in bird-footed dinosaurs. Both animate beings had gastralia, or belly ribs, typical of those of non-avian bird-footed dinosaurs and early birds. The dentition of Protarchaeopteryx were serrated, unlike those of all known birds, including Archaeopteryx. The dentition of Caudipteryx were confined to the premaxillary, and were linear and spike-like, alone among all bird-footed dinosaurs. Both animate beings had the semilunate ( lunula ) shaped bone in the wrist typical of birds and other maniraptoran bird-footed dinosaurs such as the dromaeosaurs, which includes animate beings like Velociraptor. Their unfused fingers besides had the typical bird-footed dinosaur and early bird phalangeal expression ( figure of castanetss in the fingers ) of 2-3-4-x-x. All fingers supported claws, with keratinous sheaths preserved on two claws of Protarchaeopteryx. The tail of Protarchaeopteryx was comprised of up to 28 vertebrae, similar to non-avian bird-footed dinosaurs, while Caudipteryx # 8217 ; s tail was comprised of 22 vertebrae like that of Archaeopteryx. The forelimbs of Protarchaeopteryx were shorter, compared with the thighbone, than in birds but was longer than those of long-armed non-avian coelurosaur bird-footed dinosaurs such as the dromaeosaurs. The forelimbs of Caudipteryx were shorter comparative to the thighbone than in both birds and non-avian coelurosaurs. Because of the deficiency of the perching version and the other synapomorphies that unambiguously identify Aves ( non listed here for brevity ) , both animate beings have been placed outside of the birds. The dodos do, nevertheless, have the characters typical of bird-footed dinosaur dinosaurs. On the dinosaur household tree, Caudipteryx is placed really near to, but more crude than, Archaeopteryx and all other birds while Protarchaeopteryx is considered to be closely related to the dromaeosaurs. Many paleontolgists and partisans feel the presence of confirmed plumes on non-avian dinosaurs should take any tarriance uncertainties that birds are dinosaurs. # 8220 ; It is a historic minute when a contention is resolved, # 8221 ; Dr. Phil Currie of the Royal Tyrrell museum in Alberta, Canada, said at a National Geographic Society intelligence conference. # 8220 ; This shows that dinosaurs are non nonextant, but are well-represented by 10,000 species of birds. # 8221 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; Mentions: Qiang, Ji, Phillip J. Currie, Mark A. Norell and Ji Shu-An. 1998. Two feathered dinosaurs from northeasterly China. Nature June 25, 1998. # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; Copyright? 1998 by Jeff Poling. Feathered non-avian bird-footed dinosaurs treatment Jeff Punting # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; From: # 8220 ; Thomas R. Holtz, Jr. # 8221 ; 318

Shark Essays - Shark Finning, Sharks, Carcharhinidae, Ichthyology

Shark Killing Among some of the most wasteful reasons to hunt in the world I'd have to say that besides the killing of elephants for their tusks, this is on top of the list for one of the worst reasons a blue shark is killed. And sadly enough the United States is one of the top countries to blame. In Hawaii and Mexico shark finning is very common. The fishermen fish the sharks take the fins, and throw it back into the water. The fins are mainly used for fin soup as a status symbol for the Japanese. They eat it for fin soup. Since the fins contain a high dose of ammonia smell and taste they must be processed quickly and tossed back into the ocean, and a lot of times the fish is thrown back into the water alive. Conservation's main cause for concern is the fact that the sharks have a very low reproduction rate. They don't typically reproduce until the age of twenty-five, and even then they only produce a few babies. At The rate these fishermen hunt them the sharks will possibly become endangered in the next few years. This is one of the most cruelest things I've ever heard, and not just the killing of them for the fins, but that fact that they are thrown back into the water without fins. How is the shark supposed to survive and even swim? That is so cruel. Maybe someone should cut off fishermen's legs and arms, and watch them try to survive. It probably would probably hard for the fisherman to survive, he'd be a physical vegetable. I hope the United States does something urgently to control this growing problem before it gets out of hand. The people can do something about it by obviously not buying shark products but also by writing letters and sending petitions to congress, we could also spread the word in other ways in Japan and Hong Kong. But I think if the US stopped the finning, other countries would probably follow and sales would go down, giving the sharks a chance to live and breed in peace.